框架構(gòu)建方案

　　托福寫作考試主要題型分類為：IDO模式(introduction discussion opinion即引入觀點(diǎn)，正反論證和提出結(jié)論)，PES模式(phenomenon explanation solutions 即現(xiàn)象描述，解釋說明和問題解決)和issue模式(to what extant do you agree or disagree)。所以考生在考試前有必要把每個(gè)模塊的表達(dá)句型準(zhǔn)備好，最好形成自己的模塊，只要考到該考點(diǎn)都用相應(yīng)的模式去寫作，這是第一步。

　　下面以最�？嫉膇ssue為例給大家一個(gè)范本，供各位做一個(gè)基本的參考：

　　I agree with the speaker’s broad assertion that…. However，the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace…. My points of contention with the speaker involve…，as discussed below.

　　I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all，….

　　While…，at the same time we should be circumspect about…. After all，….

　　The speaker’s assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First，…. Secondly… . For instance…

　　In sum，the speaker’s assertion that… begs the question，because…. As for the broader assertion，I agree that…. Nevertheless，…. In the final analysis，given … we are forced to strike a balance in how we ….

　　當(dāng)然，這個(gè)地方只是給大家一個(gè)例子，究竟如何總結(jié)這個(gè)框架，和考生平時(shí)閱讀是分不開的�？梢詮拿牢牡姆段幕蛘吖俜浇o出的樣文中自己提煉出屬于自己的框架，但是最重要的是考試一定要在平時(shí)針對(duì)不同的考試題目來反復(fù)熟練的使用這個(gè)模塊，才能保證自己在考場上能夠熟悉自如地使用這個(gè)寫作思路。

　　內(nèi)容填實(shí)方案

　　如何填實(shí)中間段落的內(nèi)容，主要從兩個(gè)方面入手，一個(gè)是要掌握常見的題目的觀點(diǎn)以及論據(jù)，另一個(gè)是要掌握常見的論證手段。下面分別做簡單介紹。

　　常見觀點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)備是非常重要的，一定要針對(duì)托�？荚嚦？疾榈脑掝}做考前總結(jié)，做到熟悉話題，針對(duì)話題能夠提出相應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)，并且能自如的用英語表達(dá)相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)和例子。常見的考試話題范圍做如下總結(jié)和歸納，希望考生考前做好應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)備：animal experiments; censorship; compete or play; youth drug abuse; e-book or p-book; female juvenile crime; intelligent machines replacement; mandatory retirement age; overweight; corporal punishments; littering problems; evaluate and criticize teachers; cities are becoming lager; the Olympic games; TV and children; vegetarian diet or eating meat; honest and white lies; taking a gap year; capital punishment; job-hopping; censorship of the internet; the disappearance of language and culture; marijuana; government subsidize artists and musicians.

　　這些給大家羅列了常見的話題，大家做好充分的準(zhǔn)備是非常有必要的，可以每個(gè)話題通過同意和反對(duì)或者現(xiàn)象解釋解決等角度總結(jié)常見的詞匯和表達(dá)。

　　當(dāng)然準(zhǔn)備一些通用性的觀點(diǎn)也是非常有必要的，比如各位考生在考試沒有太充分準(zhǔn)備的觀點(diǎn)是可以從如下幾個(gè)方面加以考慮的：經(jīng)濟(jì)、時(shí)間、健康、方便、心理、感情、權(quán)利、環(huán)境、文化和道德。

　　提出觀點(diǎn)后剩下的是需要論證觀點(diǎn)了，要掌握常見的論證手段：比如數(shù)據(jù)說明、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果、引用權(quán)威、逸聞趣事、實(shí)際事例、調(diào)查采訪等等。這些段落也需要模塊化，事先做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，考試的時(shí)候可以直接使用模塊，替換內(nèi)容即可。下面以引用權(quán)威的名人名言為例給大家做一個(gè)簡單介紹：

　　To illustrate it profoundly and comprehensively，I would like to cite what one of my favorite writers Francis Bacon ever mentioned： Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. We can easily build up an accurate picture of implications behind his/her words.

　　其他的例子限于篇幅不一一展開，這里主要呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)基本思路。小編預(yù)祝同學(xué)們在托�？荚囍腥〉煤玫某煽�。